The main threat to humanity is global war. Because states can be ruled by immoral, criminal individuals, we may no longer accept the collective responsibility of states in the event of war. A possible solution for mankind to be free of wars is to adopt a law by which the state is forbidden to finance wars. Financing wars will be made only by individual persons, who consider it necessary, based on a contract.
The law on liability and individual financing of wars and military operations outside of the national territory.
1) War financing shall be made exclusively by individuals based on a contract.
2) The individuals shall be ordered in a decreasing order depending on contributions. For example, the first 1,000 contributors will fight in the first line. Upon their death or injury, the following will take their place (to prevent the case when the rich pay, the poor fight).
3) The war shall only start after the establishment of a damage fund of at least 5 billion dollars. The fund shall be managed by the states opposing the war.
4) Regardless of causes, the violent death of a civilian shall be compensated with 1 million dollars, damages paid to the family, relatives. The injury of a civilian shall be compensated with amounts ranging from 50,000 to 500,000 dollars, depending on severity. The destruction of installations or civil infrastructure will be compensated.
5) Every month, the individuals who finance the war shall pay the costs of the military operations. In addition, they shall pay the medical treatment of injured war veterans for the rest of their life.
6) The war shall end if the private financing of military operations ceases or after the exhaustion of the damage fund for the victims.
7) After the end of the war, the army of the attacking state shall withdraw, and the reconstruction of the attacked country shall be handled only by the states which opposed the war.
8) All the military operations conducted outside of the national territory shall be privately financed. The maintenance of all military equipment not located on the national territory shall be made out of private sources.
The only wars to be financed by states are those that are legal under international law. The law includes no provision related to defense, so the peaceful states have no reasons not to adopt it. As a potential measure, they can specify that they agree with it outside of debatable territories.
Most wars are like this: a very strong country attacks a weak country [1] under various pretexts (defense, humanitarian intervention, ethnic conflicts, 'liberation' of the population - transition to democracy, economic interests, etc.). No matter what happens, the stronger side will always be seen as the attacker. If a weak country attacks a strong country, it will most likely be defeated and therefore punished.
The law on liability and individual financing of wars and military operations outside of the national territory.
1) War financing shall be made exclusively by individuals based on a contract.
2) The individuals shall be ordered in a decreasing order depending on contributions. For example, the first 1,000 contributors will fight in the first line. Upon their death or injury, the following will take their place (to prevent the case when the rich pay, the poor fight).
3) The war shall only start after the establishment of a damage fund of at least 5 billion dollars. The fund shall be managed by the states opposing the war.
4) Regardless of causes, the violent death of a civilian shall be compensated with 1 million dollars, damages paid to the family, relatives. The injury of a civilian shall be compensated with amounts ranging from 50,000 to 500,000 dollars, depending on severity. The destruction of installations or civil infrastructure will be compensated.
5) Every month, the individuals who finance the war shall pay the costs of the military operations. In addition, they shall pay the medical treatment of injured war veterans for the rest of their life.
6) The war shall end if the private financing of military operations ceases or after the exhaustion of the damage fund for the victims.
7) After the end of the war, the army of the attacking state shall withdraw, and the reconstruction of the attacked country shall be handled only by the states which opposed the war.
8) All the military operations conducted outside of the national territory shall be privately financed. The maintenance of all military equipment not located on the national territory shall be made out of private sources.
The only wars to be financed by states are those that are legal under international law. The law includes no provision related to defense, so the peaceful states have no reasons not to adopt it. As a potential measure, they can specify that they agree with it outside of debatable territories.
Most wars are like this: a very strong country attacks a weak country [1] under various pretexts (defense, humanitarian intervention, ethnic conflicts, 'liberation' of the population - transition to democracy, economic interests, etc.). No matter what happens, the stronger side will always be seen as the attacker. If a weak country attacks a strong country, it will most likely be defeated and therefore punished.
As law does not permit us to make our own justice in society, nations will neither be permitted to make their own justice internationally. Most countries will contribute to the establishment of an international peace fund. Just like houses are insured against natural disasters, properties will be insured against wars. In case of a terrorist attack or otherwise, the victim country will be compensated. If only 1% of the total global military expenses is allocated to this fund, it would increase by USD 20 billion annually. If a country decides to make its own justice against the international law, the peace fund will be used to reward deserters. The first deserter leaving with the military equipment will receive USD 1 billion, the following 10, USD 100 million, the following 100, USD 10 million, the following 1,000, USD 1 million, while the remaining USD 100,000. In the end, for every 10,000 deserters, USD 1 billion will be spent from the fund. A war like the one in Iraq in 2003 where nearly 300,000 troops were used, can be stopped with USD 34 billion.
Military spending will not exceed 2% of GDP (to avoid arms races).
Companies producing military equipment will be state-owned only, not private (so that no one profits from wars).
Military alliances will exist provided that each country in the alliance spends less and less for defense as the alliance expands, so that if the entire planet formed a single alliance, military spending would be close to zero. Military alliances will have public membership criteria so that any country can join the alliance.
The first human right is the right to life. States will lose the right to forcibly enlist citizens. The army will be composed exclusively of volunteers.
No peace will be obtained unless the states pay at least as much for peace as they do for wars. Peace forces will be established, paid by the states. They will be made of people opposing wars. Their role is to study conflicts, find peaceful solutions, mobilize the civil population against wars and collect possible solutions from the citizens.
A country attacked has the right to address directly to the population of the attacking country, before the conflict starts.
Military spending will not exceed 2% of GDP (to avoid arms races).
Companies producing military equipment will be state-owned only, not private (so that no one profits from wars).
Military alliances will exist provided that each country in the alliance spends less and less for defense as the alliance expands, so that if the entire planet formed a single alliance, military spending would be close to zero. Military alliances will have public membership criteria so that any country can join the alliance.
The first human right is the right to life. States will lose the right to forcibly enlist citizens. The army will be composed exclusively of volunteers.
No peace will be obtained unless the states pay at least as much for peace as they do for wars. Peace forces will be established, paid by the states. They will be made of people opposing wars. Their role is to study conflicts, find peaceful solutions, mobilize the civil population against wars and collect possible solutions from the citizens.
A country attacked has the right to address directly to the population of the attacking country, before the conflict starts.
Education
A soldier will swear to protect, first of all, the human species and not the nation he belongs to. A soldier will be forced to observe military hierarchy only on national territory, only for defensive purposes. When attacking outside of the national territory, he will be personally responsible for the consequences of his actions.
Children will receive anti-war education and will be taught how to identify an extending empire.
Phases of a military conflict
A country is attacked, for instance, under a terrorist attack. It will be immediately compensated from the peace fund. It will submit evidence incriminating another state. If the international community agrees, war will be financed by the states. Otherwise, war will only be financed by individuals who will bear all the consequences of war: compensations for victims, for the destruction of civil buildings or infrastructure. Only the military personnel and military equipment will not be compensated. With the decision to attack another state, there will be three months granted at the least, for the peace forces in both countries (across the world) to try and find a peaceful solution. Meanwhile, the attacked state has the right to try to convince the population of the attacking state not to finance the war.
At the end of the conflict, measures will be taken so that the attacking state has no benefit, either economic or military, over at least 50 years.
The law on liability and individual financing of wars enables the citizens to choose how the money collected from duties and fees by the state is spent. It is not right for the fees paid by a citizen who wants better education, better health, etc., to be used to finance wars.
All it takes to stop most wars is for the law on liability and individual financing of wars to be passed in America. Once it can no longer easily initiate wars, America will use its influence in the world to get the other major powers to adopt a similar law.
Notes
[1] America has been at war 93% of the time - 229 out of 246 years - since 1776.
https://washingtonsblog.com/how-many-years-has-the-u-s-been-at-war/
The U.S. launched 201 out of the 248 armed conflicts since the end of WWII.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062030/
A soldier will swear to protect, first of all, the human species and not the nation he belongs to. A soldier will be forced to observe military hierarchy only on national territory, only for defensive purposes. When attacking outside of the national territory, he will be personally responsible for the consequences of his actions.
Children will receive anti-war education and will be taught how to identify an extending empire.
Phases of a military conflict
A country is attacked, for instance, under a terrorist attack. It will be immediately compensated from the peace fund. It will submit evidence incriminating another state. If the international community agrees, war will be financed by the states. Otherwise, war will only be financed by individuals who will bear all the consequences of war: compensations for victims, for the destruction of civil buildings or infrastructure. Only the military personnel and military equipment will not be compensated. With the decision to attack another state, there will be three months granted at the least, for the peace forces in both countries (across the world) to try and find a peaceful solution. Meanwhile, the attacked state has the right to try to convince the population of the attacking state not to finance the war.
At the end of the conflict, measures will be taken so that the attacking state has no benefit, either economic or military, over at least 50 years.
The law on liability and individual financing of wars enables the citizens to choose how the money collected from duties and fees by the state is spent. It is not right for the fees paid by a citizen who wants better education, better health, etc., to be used to finance wars.
All it takes to stop most wars is for the law on liability and individual financing of wars to be passed in America. Once it can no longer easily initiate wars, America will use its influence in the world to get the other major powers to adopt a similar law.
Notes
[1] America has been at war 93% of the time - 229 out of 246 years - since 1776.
https://washingtonsblog.com/how-many-years-has-the-u-s-been-at-war/
The U.S. launched 201 out of the 248 armed conflicts since the end of WWII.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4062030/
